Cancer Awareness

In recognition of Gynecological Awareness Month, we’re shedding some light on the 5 types of gynecological cancer to help understand contributing risk factors and preventative detection. Women can feel confident in taking control of their health with knowledge to promote early detection, effective treatment, and overall well-being.

1. Ovarian Cancer:

Ovarian cancer originates in the ovaries, the small organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. Often called the “silent killer,” ovarian cancer’s symptoms are vague and easily mistaken for other conditions. Risk factors include a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, and increasing age. Regular pelvic examinations and awareness of symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits are crucial for early detection.

2. Cervical Cancer:

Cervical cancer primarily arises from the cells lining the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor. Regular Pap tests (Pap smears) can detect precancerous changes early, allowing for intervention before the cancer develops. HPV vaccines are also available for preventive measures.

3. Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer:

Uterine cancer originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is often linked to hormonal imbalances, particularly excess estrogen. Obesity, diabetes, and a late onset of menopause are risk factors. Unusual vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause, is a common symptom. Early diagnosis can lead to effective treatment options like surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.

4. Vaginal Cancer:

Vaginal cancer is a rare type of gynecological cancer that forms in the cells lining the vagina. It can develop in women of any age, but is more common in older women. Risk factors include exposure to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy, a history of cervical cancer, and smoking. Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, pain, and discomfort.

5. Vulvar Cancer:

Vulvar cancer occurs on the external genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It can stem from changes in the skin cells of the vulva. Risk factors include HPV infection, a history of precancerous conditions, and conditions that weaken the immune system. Symptoms may involve itching, pain, and changes in the skin’s appearance.

Regular screenings, awareness of symptoms, and lifestyle choices can collectively contribute to early detection and prevention. By navigating the terrain of ovarian, cervical, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, women can take charge of their health and promote a brighter, cancer-free future.

A prostate cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming and scary. You will probably have lots of questions, and wonder where to even begin. Be open with your doctor with your questions and concerns. Here’s a guide you can follow to gain understanding of what to expect.

Understand the stage and seriousness of the cancer. The stage of the cancer is how far the cancer has spread. Knowing the stage of your cancer is important so your doctor can determine what types of treatment might be best for you.

The American Cancer Society recommends these questions:

• Do you know the stage and risk group of cancer?
• If not, how and when will you find out?
• Would you explain to me what the stage and risk group mean in my case?
• What will happen next?

The big question on your mind will be, How do I fight it? Your doctor will discuss treatment options with you. Determining a treatment plan will consider things like the cancer type, stage and grade for the cancer, pre-existing health problems, and your personal concerns among many other factors.

The main kinds of treatment are observation, active surveillance, surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and chemo. Sometimes more than one kind of treatment is used.

What will happen after treatment?

After treatment, your doctor will want you to come back for follow-up visits. You will be asked about symptoms, get exams and potentially have blood tests and other tests to monitor indicators.

It will be hard not to worry about a recurrence, but with regular check ups with your doctor, and implementing a healthy lifestyle, you can stay ahead of recurrence and have ease of mind.

The longer you’re cancer-free, the less often the visits are needed.

Melanoma skin cancer is a type of cancer that affects the melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin. It is the deadliest form of skin cancer, but it is also one of the most preventable and treatable if detected early.

Causes of Melanoma Skin Cancer

The primary cause of melanoma skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. People with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and a history of sunburns or excessive sun exposure are at a higher risk of developing melanoma. Other factors that can increase the risk of melanoma include having a family history of the disease, having many moles or atypical moles, and a weakened immune system.

Symptoms of Melanoma Skin Cancer

Melanoma can appear as a new mole or an existing mole that changes in size, shape, or color. It may also have an irregular or asymmetrical shape, ragged edges, and multiple colors or shades. In some cases, it may also bleed or become itchy. Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most commonly found on the back, legs, arms, and face.

Prevention of Melanoma Skin Cancer

The best way to prevent melanoma skin cancer is to protect your skin from UV radiation. This can be done by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen with a high SPF, seeking shade during peak hours of sun exposure, and avoiding tanning beds. It is also important to regularly examine your skin for any new or changing moles and to see a dermatologist if you notice any suspicious changes.

Treatment of Melanoma Skin Cancer

If melanoma is detected early, it can often be treated with surgery to remove the affected area. In more advanced cases, additional treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy may be necessary. The prognosis for melanoma depends on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient.

Melanoma skin cancer is a serious disease, but it can be prevented and treated if detected early. By protecting your skin from UV radiation and regularly examining your skin for any changes, you can reduce your risk of developing melanoma. If you notice any suspicious moles or changes in your skin, it is important to see a dermatologist or doctor for evaluation and treatment.

Colorectal cancer is a disease of the digestive system found in the colon or rectum. Although it is one of the more common cancer types, colorectal cancer is often preventable with screening and highly treatable when detected early.

According to the Colorectal Cancer Alliance, most cases of colorectal cancer occur in people ages 45 and older, but the disease is increasingly affecting younger people. Each year, about 150,000 Americans are diagnosed with this disease, and more than 50,000 die.

Because colorectal cancer often develops without symptoms, it’s recommended men 45 or older and at average risk get screened regularly.

While anyone can develop colorectal cancer, a list from the CDC gives these conditions as common risk factors:

• Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
• A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps
• A genetic syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome)
• Black/African Americans and Ashkenazi Jews are at higher risk

Colorectal cancer often develops without symptoms. When they occur, symptoms may include:

• Blood in or on stool
• Persistent unusual bowel movements like constipation or diarrhea
• Stomach pain, aches, or cramps that don’t go away
• Losing weight for no reason

October is Liver Cancer Awareness Month. Understanding the function of your liver and how to keep it healthy can help prevent cancer.

The liver has many important functions. It breaks down, stores, and helps transfer nutrients your body needs. The liver also breaks down alcohol, drugs, and toxic wastes in the blood, which then pass from the body through urine and stool.

Taking care of your liver is important to avoid harmful diseases, like cancer, that can form in the liver’s cells. The liver is mainly composed of cells called hepatocytes. There are other cells that line blood vessels and the small tubes in the liver called bile ducts. In these cells is where cancerous tumors form.

Liver cancer can be prevented by reducing exposure to the known risk factors. Here are some ways to prevent liver cancer recommended by the American Cancer Society.

Avoid and Treat Hepatitis B and C Infections

Worldwide, the most significant risk factor for liver cancer is chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). These viruses can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles (such as in drug use) through unprotected sex, and through childbirth, so some liver cancers may be avoided by not sharing needles and by using safer sex practices (such as always using condoms).

Limit Alcohol and Tobacco Use

Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, which in turn, can lead to liver cancer. Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation could help prevent liver cancer.

Since smoking also increases the risk of liver cancer, not smoking will also prevent some of these cancers. If you smoke, quitting will help lower your risk of this cancer, as well as many other cancers and life-threatening diseases.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Avoiding obesity might be another way to help protect against liver cancer. People who are obese are more likely to have fatty liver disease and diabetes, both of which have been linked to liver cancer.